Introduction
Myconil 150 is an antibiotic, used in the treatment of all forms of tuberculosis, an infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs and in some cases other parts of the body. It may be used alone or in combination with other medicines to fight serious infections.
Myconil 150 may also be used alongside other medicines for the treatment of leprosy. This medicine may also be given to people who are carriers (people who are infected, yet do not show any signs and symptoms of infection).
Myconil 150 should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before a meal or 2 hours after a meal. It should be taken in the dose and duration as advised by the doctor. It is better to take it at the same time each day to get the most benefit and you should keep on taking this medicine for as long as you are prescribed. Stopping it early may make the infection to come back and harder to treat.
Some people may develop side effects like low blood platelets, headache, dizziness, vomiting, nausea, and fever. These side effects are usually temporary and go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Consult your doctor if these side effects bother you or will not go away. Your urine, tears and other secretions may become orange-red in color due to Myconil 150. You should avoid using contact lenses since they may become discolored.
Before starting treatment with this medicine, you should tell your doctor if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or suffering from any liver, kidney or heart problems or if you are allergic to any medicine. You may be regularly monitored with blood tests for liver function tests while using this medicine.
Side effects of Myconil 150
Common
- Low blood platelets
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Vomiting
- Abnormal liver function tests
- Nausea
- Fever
- Chills
How to use Myconil 150
Take this medicine in the dose and duration as advised by your doctor. Do not chew, crush or break it. Myconil 150 is to be taken empty stomach.
How Myconil 150 works
Myconil 150 is an antibiotic. It works by inactivating a bacterial enzyme (RNA-polymerase) which is required by bacteria to make essential proteins and to reproduce.
What if you forget to take Myconil 150?
If you miss a dose of Myconil 150, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule. Do not double the dose.
Indication
Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Brucellosis, Meningitis , Legionnaire's disease; Staphylococcal infections
Administration
Should be taken on an empty stomach. Best taken on an empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals.
Adult Dose
Oral
Tuberculosis
Adult: 10 mg/kg/day or 2-3 times/wk. Max: 600 mg/day.
<50 kg: 450 mg daily;
>50 kg: 600 mg daily.
Leprosy
600 mg once mthly.
Prophylaxis against meningococcal meningitis
600 mg twice daily for 2 days.
Prophylaxis against meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae
600 mg/day for 4 days.
Hepatic impairment: Max: 8 mg/kg/day.
Child Dose
Oral
Tuberculosis
10–20 mg/kg, max 600 mg for TB q24h
With directly observed biweekly therapy, dosage is still 10–20 mg/kg/dose (max 600 mg) twice weekly
20 mg/kg/day for 2 days for meningococcus prophylaxis, q12h
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity to rifampicin or other rifamycins. Patient w/ jaundice. Concurrent use w/ saquinavir/ritonavir therapy.
Mode of Action
Rifampicin suppresses initiation of chain formation for RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the beta subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thus blocking RNA transcription.
Precaution
Patient w/ history of alcoholism. Hepatic and renal impairment. Elderly, malnourished patients, childn <2 yr. Pregnancy and lactation. Patient Counselling May permanently stain soft contact lenses. Monitoring Parameters Monitor liver function (AST, ALT, bilirubin), CBC, mental status, sputum culture; chest x-ray 2-3 mth into treatment.
Side Effect
Facial flushing and itching, w/ or w/o a rash, flu-like syndrome characterised by episodes of fever, chills, headache, dizziness, bone pain, shortness of breath, and malaise; GI adverse effects (e.g. nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea, epigastric distress), pseudomembranous colitis, eosinophilia, leucopenia, haemolytic anaemia; alterations in kidney function and renal failure, menstrual disturbances, oedema, myopathy, muscular weakness; orange-red discolouration of the urine, faeces, sweat, saliva, sputum, tears, and other body fluids; Rarely, eye irritation and visual disturbances, anaphylaxis or shock.
Potentially Fatal: Hepatotoxicity, hypotension, sinus tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, seizures and cardiac arrest, thrombocytopenia and purpura.
Interaction
May accelerate the metabolism and reduce the effect of drugs that are metabolised by CYP450 enzymes (e.g. quinidine, phenytoin, theophylline). Decreased concentrations of atovaquone and increased concentrations of rifampicin when taken concomitantly. Concurrent use of ketoconazole and rifampicin may result in decreased serum concentrations of both drugs. May decrease serum concentrations of enalaprilat. Reduced absorption by antacids. Increased risk of hepatotoxicity w/ halothane or isoniazid.
Potentially Fatal: Increased potential for hepatotoxicity when taken concomitantly w/ saquinavir/ritonavir combination.